The Science

Clay minerals are ubiquitous native components of sediments and soils, as well as a material used in the engineered barriers of spent nuclear fuel storage facilities. This work examined the molecular form of uranium (IV) in the presence of montmorillonite clays and found that these clays can inhibit the predicted precipitation of the mineral uraninite.

The Impact

The effect of environmental surfaces on the form of reduced uranium is currently not accounted for in models of contaminant transport. This study used state-of-the-art spectroscopy techniques to provide the molecular-level information needed for the accurate prediction of uranium transport in subsurface environments.

Summary

The mobility of uranium in the subsurface depends strongly on its oxidation state, with U(IV) being significantly less soluble than U(VI). However, solubility also depends on the molecular form of the contaminant, which can be affected by adsorption to the surface of minerals, bacterial membranes and other constituents in the surrounding environment. A team of scientists led by Argonne National Laboratory examined the ability of montmorillonite clay minerals to adsorb U(IV) resulting from the reduction of U(VI), and compared it to that of iron and titanium oxide surfaces. The valence and molecular structure of uranium was tracked by synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The team found that at low clay surface:U ratios the reduction of U(VI) in the presence of SYn-1 montmorillonite leads to the formation of the mineral uraninite (UO₂). However, at high clay surface:U ratios (more typical of environmental conditions) a significant fraction of the resulting U(IV) is present as adsorbed U(IV) ions (up to 50% of total U). The threshold U(IV) surface coverage above which uraninite formation begins was determined to be significantly lower for montmorillonite than for iron or titanium oxides, suggesting that metal oxides may play a more important role than clay minerals in stabilizing the nonuraninite species observed in natural sediments.

Principal Investigator

Kenneth Kemner
Argonne National Laboratory
kemner@anl.gov

Program Manager

Amy Swain
U.S. Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research (SC-33)
Environmental System Science
amy.swain@science.doe.gov

Funding

This research is part of the Subsurface Science Scientific Focus Area at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), which is supported by the Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, within the U.S. Department of Energy DOE) Office of Science. Use of the Electron Microscopy Center and the Advanced Photon Source at ANL is supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences within the DOE Office of Science. MRCAT/EnviroCAT operations are supported by DOE and the MRCAT/EnviroCAT member institutions. All work at ANL was under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.

Related Links

• Subsurface Science Scientific Focus Area at Argonne National Laboratory

References